Cuando los españoles llegan a lo que hoy es Colombia, la más grande de la cultura es el chibchas. Ellos estaban reunidos principalmente en las cuencas altas y valles de la Cordillera Oriental.
El liquidación española se estableció la primera en el ano un mil quinientos diez en la costa del Golfo de Urabá. Santa Marta y Cartagena fueron los primeros asentamientos permanentes. Bogotá fue fundada en el ano un mil quinientos treinta y ocho, seguido por más de una veintena de otros asentamientos a mediados del siglo XVI. asentamiento de los españoles creció y se expandió durante el siglo XVII, entusiasmados por las fuentes de oro y plata. Poco a poco, un creciente número de colonos se dirigió a la agricultura. tierras se establecieron grandes con los indios y más tarde los africanos para el trabajo forzoso.
La población de Colombia se estimó en aproximadamente ochocientos mil en el ano un mil setecientos setenta. Se cree que han cruzado la marca de 1 millón a principios del siglo XIX.
En el ano one thousand eight hundred eleven la población en algunas partes de Colombia se alzó contra el dominio colonial español. Un período de lucha armada seguido. Colombia y Panamá se convirtió en la República de Nueva Granada. Políticos y la rivalidad económica entre los diferentes grupos sociales ha sumido al país en un largo período de inestabilidad interna con irregulares guerras civiles y dictaduras. Esto continuó en el siglo XX. En un intento de superar el conflicto regional y de desacuerdo, el país se dio una nueva Constitución y, en el ano un mil ochocientos sesenta y tres, se convirtió en una federación de nueve estados llamados los Estados Unidos de Colombia.
En el ano un mil ochocientos ochenta y seis una nueva Constitución abolió la Federación de Colombia y se divide en departamentos, con una cierta autonomía local. En un mil novecientos tres Panamá se retiró de Colombia y declaró su independencia.
When the first spaniards arrive to what is now Colombia, the largest culture was the Chibchas. They were assembled mainly in the highland basins and valleys of the Cordillera Oriental.
The first Spanish settelment was established in 1510 on the coast of the Gulf of Uraba. Santa Marta and Cartagena were the earliest permanent settlements. Bogota was founded in 1538, followed by more than twenty other settlements by the middle of the sixteenth century. Spanish settlement grew and expanded during the seventeenth century, enthused by the sources of gold and silver. Steadily, an increasing number of settlers turned to agriculture. Large lands were established using the Indians and later Africans for forced labor.
The population of Colombia was estimated at aproximately 800,000 in 1770. It is believed to have crossed the 1-million mark early in the nineteenth century.
In 1811 the population in parts of Colombia rose up against Spanish colonial rule. A period of armed struggle followed. Colombia and Panama became the Republic of New Granada. Political and economic rivalry between the different social groups plunged the country in a long period of internal unsteadiness with irregular civil wars and dictatorships. This continued into the twentieth century. In an attempt to overcome the regional conflict and disagreement, the country was given a new Constitution and, in 1863, turned in a Federation of nine states called the United States of Colombia.
In 1886 a new Constitution abolished the Federation and divided Colombia into departments with some local autonomy. In 1903 Panama withdrew from Colombia and declared its independence.
Thursday, April 1, 2010
Monday, March 29, 2010
Survey Results
Do you like coffee? | |||||||||||||
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How often do you drink coffee? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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What kind of coffee do you generally drink? | |||||||||||||||||||||
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What do you put in your coffee? | |
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Do you drink instant coffee? If so, what brand (put in other)? | |||||||||||||
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Have you ever had Colombian coffee? | |||||||||||||
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We asked the freshman class a variety of multiple choice and short answer questions pertaining to coffee. Above are the results of the multiple choice questions. First, we asked whether or not people actually liked coffee to get an idea of how popular it was and what percentage drank it regularly. We found that the people who like coffee or sort of like coffee outnumber the people who don't like coffee by quite a bit. From the results of the poll we can predict that most freshmen like and drink coffee.
Our second question asked how often people drank coffee. Among coffee drinkers, there was quite an even spread between once a day and once a month, with around 4 answers for each. We concluded that there is quite a variety in how often the freshmen drink coffee.
Our next question was what kind of coffee the freshmen drank. Out of the people who did drink coffee, caffeinated was the most popular, which was what we predicted. There were only 4 coffee drinkers who said they did not drink caffeinated coffee.
In the results of our "what do you put in your coffee" question, we saw that multiple sugars and creams was the most popular among coffee drinkers, followed by sugar and cream. Apparently most people do not like black coffee and like to sweeten or dull their coffee.
Next we asked about instant coffee. Only about a quarter of the people we asked drank instant, and only 4 knew what brand it was. Instant coffee does not seem very popular in the freshmen class, and if they drink it they do not necessarily just drink one brand.
Our last multiple choice question was about Colombian coffee, specifically if people had drunk it. All three results were very similar in results, each taking about a third. What we can conclude from this is that Colombian coffee isn't specifically of any interest to people, and that an equal amount of people do not really know where their coffee is from (which we should have asked as a question).
We also asked a few short answer questions. We asked where people got their coffee, if they knew what fair trade and organic was and what they thought about chain stores. In terms of where people got their coffee, it seems like the most popular places to get coffee are Dunkin Donuts and their houses. A couple of people get their coffee from Cumberland Farms, La Brioche and Capital Grounds, but these were not predominant responses. Of all of the stores to buy coffee, Dunkin Donuts was the most popular. The questions about Fair Trade and Organic showed that most of the polled freshmen knew what the two terms meant in a fair amount of detail, although less people knew what fair trade was then organic. In our questions about chain stores, only a few people said they didn't like them for a variety of reasons (they're expensive, they didn't give water to 911 survivors), but only a couple said ti was because of the low quality of coffee. All of the other coffee drinkers are fine with chains. This shows that many freshmen don't pay a ton of attention to quality and go more for convenience. All in all, we got what we wanted from this survey. We found out that most freshmen drink coffee, they know what fair trade and organic mean but are ok with chain stores, and like to put lots of sugar and cream in their coffee.
Economic Facts of Colombia
Coffee is not the leading export of Colombia. Colombia is rich in natural resources, and its main exports include petroleum, coal, and gold. Colombia is also known as the world's leading source of emeralds while over 70% of cut flowers imported by the United States are Colombian. As of 2009, the gross domestic product of Colombia is about $9,200 per person, which is not very much. Of a labor force of 20.03 million, 22.4% works in agriculture, which includes coffee farmers.
Colombian Coffee History
Colombian Coffee Farmer:
The first exports of coffee from Colombia began in 1835 when around 2500 bags were exported to the U.S. For many decades Colombia was the world’s second leading producer of coffee behind Brazil. Recently, Vietnam surpassed Colombia in coffee exports to take the number two seat and move Colombia into a close third. However, the Arabica bean doesn't grow well in Vietnam. Only the hearty, yet inferior, Robusta is suited for the low, wet climate of Vietnam. Colombian Coffees are far superior and is considered by many coffee experts to be the finest in the world. National Federation of Colombian Coffee Growers in 1959 introduced the world to Juan Valdez, wearing a poncho and sombrero, Juan Valdez created a face for the humble coffee picker, and created an air of romance that still survives today. A recent survey reported that 85% of Americans still associate the name Juan Valdez with Colombian Coffee.
The first exports of coffee from Colombia began in 1835 when around 2500 bags were exported to the U.S. For many decades Colombia was the world’s second leading producer of coffee behind Brazil. Recently, Vietnam surpassed Colombia in coffee exports to take the number two seat and move Colombia into a close third. However, the Arabica bean doesn't grow well in Vietnam. Only the hearty, yet inferior, Robusta is suited for the low, wet climate of Vietnam. Colombian Coffees are far superior and is considered by many coffee experts to be the finest in the world. National Federation of Colombian Coffee Growers in 1959 introduced the world to Juan Valdez, wearing a poncho and sombrero, Juan Valdez created a face for the humble coffee picker, and created an air of romance that still survives today. A recent survey reported that 85% of Americans still associate the name Juan Valdez with Colombian Coffee.
La Geografía, la Población, y el Clima
Bogotá, Colombia es la capital y ciudad más poblada de Colombia con un estimado de 8.566.926 personas.Colombia limita al noroeste con Panamá, al este con Venezuela y Brasil, y al sudoeste con Perú y Ecuador. La superficie total de Colombia es 439.736 millas cuadradas (1.138.910 kilómetros cuadrados).
La población a partir de 2009 se estima en 45.644.023 personas. La capital y ciudad más grande es Santafé de Bogotá.
La diversidad de climas en Colombia se caracteriza por tener bosques húmedos tropicales, sabanas, praderas, desiertos y clima de montaña. El clima de Colombia se caracteriza por ser tropicales y isotérmica como consecuencia de su ubicación geográfica cerca del Ecuador.
Bogota, Colombia is the capital and most populated city of Colombia with an estimated 8,566,926 people.Colombia is bordered on the northwest by Panama, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, and on the southwest by Peru and Ecuador. The Total Area of Columbia is 439,736 sq mi (1,138,910 sq km). The Population as of 2009 is estimated to be 45,644,023 people. The capital and largest city is Santafé de Bogotá. The diversity of climates in Colombia is characterized for having tropical rainforests, savannas, grasslands, deserts, and mountain climate. The Climate of Colombia is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator.
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